
Candle-Powered Magnetic Pendulum Engine
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What happens when you heat a magnet with a candle flame? Above a certain temperature called the Curie point, magnetic materials lose their ability to stick to other magnets.
You hang a small rare-earth magnet on a wire pendulum next to a large ceramic magnet. The rare-earth magnet jumps up and sticks to the ceramic one. A candle flame sits right beneath that contact point.
The flame heats the small magnet past its Curie point. Gravity pulls it away from the big magnet and out of the flame. It cools and regains its magnetism. Then it snaps back up and the cycle repeats as long as the candle burns.
Hypothesis
The hypothesis is that a heat engine can be built using a candle and a rare-earth magnet.
Science Concepts Learned
Curie Point
Above a certain heat level, magnetic materials lose their ability to stick to other magnets. You hang a small rare-earth magnet on a wire pendulum next to a large ceramic magnet — the rare-earth magnet jumps up and sticks. A candle flame sits right beneath that contact point. When the flame heats the small magnet past its Curie point, gravity pulls it away from the big magnet and out of the flame. It cools, regains its magnetism, and snaps back up. The cycle repeats as long as the candle burns.
Method & Materials
You will need to suspend a small piece of magnetic material at the end of a pendulum, place a large magnet near the pendulum, and place a candle under the material.
You will need some copper or brass wire, a large ceramic magnet, and a candle.
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See what’s includedResults
The experiment showed that a heat engine can be built using a candle and a rare-earth magnet. The heat from the candle caused the magnet to lose its magnetic properties, and gravity pulled it away from the magnet. When it cooled, it regained its magnetic properties and was pulled back up into the flame.
Why do this project?
This science project is interesting and unique because it uses a candle as a heat source and a rare-earth magnet to create a heat engine.
Also Consider
Experiment variations to consider include using different types of magnets and different heat sources.
Full project details
Additional information and source material for this project are available below.Related video
These videos explain the science behind this project and demonstrate key concepts used in the experiment.
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