Comparing Baseball Bats

Complexity level:	9
Project cost ($):	20
Time required:	1 hour to prepare, 1 day for science project experiment
Material availability:	May be purchased at a sports store
Safety concerns:	Sports safety rules should be followed. The experiment should be supervised by an adult.

Hypothesis

A baseball will travel further when hit with an aluminum baseball bat, rather than a standard wooden bat.

Overview

Baseball bats

Baseball bats were originally made from wood. However the wooden bats have one big disadvantage - they break fairly easily and send splinters flying. Aluminum bats were introduced in the 1970s and were initially adopted by the Little League and later by the amateur leagues.

Wooden bats are heavy and therefore allows a batter to hit the ball harder. The harder the bat and the faster the swing, the harder the ball will be hit and the further it will fly. The center of gravity of the wooden bat is located further away from the hand making it feel heavy near the end. Wooden bats are also better for the batter’s hand because they produce less vibration.

Aluminum bats are light in weight and hollow on the inside. These bats are easier to control. Their lightness also means the batter will require less time to execute the swing. The center of gravity of the aluminum bat is closer to the hand,

For an experienced player, the wooden bat is packed with more power and this allows the player to drive his ball further. Aluminum bats, on the other hand, are easier to use and provide the batter some additional time to adjust the swing.

Scientific Terms

Potential power

Materials

The materials required for this science experiment:
- 10 baseball batters
- 1 baseball pitcher
- 1 wooden baseball bat
- 1 aluminum baseball bat
- 2 dozen baseball balls
- measuring tape
- 1 assistant

Procedure

1. For this science fair project, the independent variable is the use of aluminum bat or wooden bat. The dependent variable is the distance traveled by the ball. This is determined by measuring the distance using the measurement tape. The constants (control variables) are the skill of the batter, the skill of the pitcher and the baseball balls used.

2. The baseball batters are assigned numbers 1 to 10 and asked to warm up and practise before the experiment is started.

3. The first batter is asked to prepare to hit the ball with the aluminum bat. After the ball is hit, the distance traveled is measured using the measuring tape with the help of the assistant. The ball is hit 3 times using the aluminum bat and the average distance traveled is calculated and recorded.

4. After 15 minutes rest, the first batter is next asked to hit the ball using the wooden bat for a total of 3 times. The distance traveled by the ball is again measured and the average distance calculated. The result is recorded in the table below.

5. Procedures 3 and 4 are repeated for the remaining 9 batters. The distance traveled by the ball after every hit is measured using the measuring tape. The average distance traveled by the balls are calculated for every player and recorded in the table below.

Results

The results show that the ball traveled the furthest after being hit with the aluminum bat, compared to the distance traveled by the ball when hit with the wooden bat.

Bat type	Average distance traveled by the ball (meters)
1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10
Aluminum bat	85.7	90.3	79.4	89.4	69.3	75.3	72.6	75.7	71.5	81.4
Wooden bat	72.4	85.7	71.2	79.8	65.7	65.9	66.3	69.2	65.3	77.9

The chart below represents the results of our science project.

Baseball bat swing velocity experiment

Conclusion

Our hypothesis has been proven to be correct. A baseball will travel further when hit with an aluminum baseball bat, rather than a standard wooden bat.

Young baseball players like to use aluminum bats. This is because aluminum bats are cheaper and easier to use. Wooden bats have a different feel and are heavier. This makes it difficult for young players to learn how to use wooden bats. This is the reason why more tournaments are being held using wooden bats – in order to help younger players adjust.

Also consider

This science fair project can also be repeated by comparing different brands of wooden and aluminum bats.

This science project can also be modified by measuring the speed of the ball.

References

Aluminum bats vs wooden bats - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminum_Bats_vs._Wood_Bats

Aluminum vs wood bats - http://www.newton.dep.anl.gov/askasci/phy00/phy00259.htm

Aluminum or wooden base ball bats - http://www.essortment.com/hobbies/aluminumwooden_spdb.htm

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