Vanwall was a Formula One team in the 1950's.

The Vanwall name was derived by combining the name of the team owner Tony Vandervell with that of his patented Thinwall bearings, which were produced at his Vandervell Products factory at Acton, just outside London.

Tony Vandervell was one of the original backers of British Racing Motors. In the early Fifties, he entered a series of modified Ferraris in Formula Libre races under the name "Thinwall Special".

The first actual Vanwalls were known as Vanwall Specials and were built for the new Formula 1 regulations in 1954. The chassis was designed by Owen Maddock and build by the Cooper Car Company. The 2-liter engine was designed by Norton engineer Leo Kuzmicki, and was essentially four Norton 500cc engines merged in a single unit. The car appeared in a Grande Epreuve for the first time in that year's British Grand Prix. Development continued with boring out the engines to a full 2½ litres. Vanwalls then ran for a season in F1 without much in the way of success. At the end of the 1955 season, it was plain that while the engine was sound, the chassis needed improvement. It was suggested to Vandervell that he should hire the services of a young up-and-coming designer to improve their cars. The designer was Colin Chapman.

The new cars designed by Chapman (along with the aerodynamicist Frank Costin) showed early promise in 1956 by winning a pre-season F1 race at Silverstone against strong opposition. Stirling Moss drove the car to victory in what was his only drive for Vanwall that year, as he was still contracted to drive for Maserati in F1. Talented drivers Harry Schell and Maurice Trintingnant were the full-timers for the season. However, neither of them had much success although the car showed obvious potential.

With the car developing and becoming ever more competitive, Moss eventually decided to drive for the team in 1957. He was joined by two Englishmen, Tony Brooks and Stuart Lewis-Evans. As the 1957 season unfolded, the cars became faster and more reliable. Moss and Brooks duly shared Vanwall's first Grand Prix victory in Britain, and Moss went on to win both the Italian and Pescara Grands Prix.

All three drivers stayed with the team in 1958, and Moss and Brooks each won three championship races that season. Vanwall became the first team to win the Constructor's Championship, held for the first time that season. However, Moss lost out to Mike Hawthorn in the drivers' championship by a single point. Their triumph at the end of the season was sadly marred when, during the final race of the year in Morocco, Lewis-Evans was fatally injured in an accident.

The 1958 season was the last one in which Vanwall entered every race. Vandervell's health was failing and he had been advised by his doctors to rest. The team continued half-heartedly. Brooks made one appearance in a lower and lighter Vanwall in the 1959 British Grand Prix and the team tried again with another car in the 1960 French Grand Prix. These efforts lacked the seriousness of the past however and they were unsuccessful.

The last racing Vanwall was a rear engined machine produced for the 1961 Intercontinental Formula. Although showing promise when campaigned by John Surtees in two races, development was stopped short when the formula itself was abandoned after a very brief period.