Science Fair Project Encyclopedia
Propane
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General |
|
|---|---|
| Name | Propane |
H H H | | | H-C-C-C-H | | | H H H |
|
| Chemical formula | CH3CH2CH3 or C3H8 |
| Formula weight | 44.10 g/mol |
| Synonyms | Dimethylmethane, LPG, Propyl Hydride |
| CAS number | 74-98-6 |
| UN number | 1978 |
|
Phase behavior |
|
| Melting point | 85.5 K (−187.6 °C) |
| Boiling point | 231.1 K (−42 °C) |
| Triple point | 85 K (−188 °C)
169 µPa |
| Critical point | 369.9 K (96.9 °C)
4.25 MPa |
| ΔsubH | 28.5 kJ/mol |
| ΔfusH | 3.52 kJ/mol |
| ΔfusS | J/(mol·K) |
| ΔvapH | 19.4 kJ/mol |
| Solubility | 0.1 g/dm³ |
|
Liquid properties |
|
| ΔfH0liquid | -120 kJ/mol |
| S0liquid | 171 J/(mol·K) |
| Cp | 98.3 J/(mol·K) |
| Density | 582 kg/m3 |
|
Gas properties |
|
| ΔfH0gas | −105 kJ/mol |
| S0gas | 269.9 J/(mol·K) |
| Cp | 73.6 J/(mol·K) |
| Safety | |
| Ingestion | Nausea, vomiting, internal hemorrhage. |
| Inhalation | Rapid breathing & heart rate. Headaches, mood disturbance, conufsion and seisures may occur. Danger of cardiac arrest in severe cases. |
| Skin | (Frostbite on exposure to cryogenic liquid) |
| Flash point | −104 °C |
| Autoignition temperature | 450 °C |
| Explosive limits | 2.1–9.5% |
|
More info | |
| Properties | NIST WebBook |
| MSDS | Hazardous Chemical Database |
|
SI units were used where possible. Unless otherwise stated, standard conditions were used. | |
A three-carbon alkane, propane is sometimes derived from other petroleum products during oil or natural gas processing.
When commonly sold as fuel it is also known as liquified petroleum gas (LPG or LP gas) and is a mixture of propane with smaller amounts of propylene, butane and butylene, plus ethanethiol as an odorant to allow the normally odorless propane to be smelled. It is used as fuel in cooking on many barbecues and portable stoves and in motor vehicles. Propane powers some buses, forklifts, and taxis and is used for heat and cooking in recreational vehicles and campers. In many rural areas of the US, propane is also used in furnaces, water heaters, laundry dryers, and other heat-producing appliances. Delivery trucks fill up large tanks that are permanently installed on the property (sometimes called pigs) or exchange bottles of propane.
Another use of propane is the application as propellant for aerosol sprays, especially after the ban of CFCs. It is also used as a feedstock for the production of base petrochemicals in steam cracking.
See also
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