Archibald Roane (1760 - 1819) was the second Governor of Tennessee, serving from 1801 to 1803.

Roane was a native of Pennsylvania. He was an attorney by profession and a veteran of the American Revolutionary War, having served under George Washington.

In 1801, Governor John Sevier had reached the limit of three consecutive terms allowed as governor under the state constitution of 1796, which Roane had helped to write while a delegate to the constitutional convention. He was elected as Sevier's successor. Any chance that he had to have a good relationship with Sevier was shattered when he cast a tie-breaking vote for Sevier's opponent, Andrew Jackson, in a contest for a militia generalship. Sevier defeated him for re-election two years later, and wound up serving three more terms before again reaching the state constitution's term limits.

Roane later served as a Superior Court judge, and was a promoter of institutions of higher learning until his death. Roane County, Tennessee is named in his honor.